Solute Carrier Family 22

The solute carrier family 22 (SLC22), also known as organic cation transporter, is involved in small intestinal absorption and hepatic and renal excretion of drugs, xenobiotics, and endogenous compounds and perform homeostatic functions in heart and brain. This superfamily comprises uniporters, symporters, and antiporters from bacteria, lower eukaryotes, plants, and mammals in 18 families. These transporters contain 12 predicted alpha-helical transmembrane domains (TMDs) and a large extracellular loop between TMD 1 and 2. Transporters of the SLC22 family function in different ways. Most of the SLC22 transporters are poly-specific. They transport a variety of different substrates; in addition, many other ligands can act as inhibitors. Since many of these transporters are expressed in intestine, liver, and kidney, the SLC22 family plays a crucial role in drug absorption and excretion. Mutations of the SLC22 genes encoding these transporters have been shown to cause specific diseases like primary systemic carnitine deficiency and idiopathic renal hypouricemia and are correlated with diseases such as Crohn's disease and gout. Drug-drug interactions at individual transporters may alter the pharmacokinetics and toxicities of drugs.

Fig.1 Phylogenetic tree of the human transporters of the SLC22 family, including two transporters from rodents that have not been detected in human. (Koepsell, 2004)

The SLC22 family comprises organic cation transporters (OCTs), zwitterion/cation transporters (OCTNs), and organic anion transporters (OATs). Here shows part of SLC22 family members in human:

Human SLC22 Family Members
SLC22A1	SLC22A2	SLC22A3	SLC22A4
SLC22A5	SLC22A6	SLC22A7	SLC22A8
SLC22A9	SLC22A10	SLC22A11	SLC22A12
SLC22A13	SLC22A14	SLC22A16	SLC22A17
SLC22A18

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Reference

Koepsell H and Endou H. (2004). The SLC22 drug transporter family. Pflugers Arch. 447(5): 666-76.

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