Vaccines for Virus from Hepadnaviridae Family
Creative Biolabs is a world leader in the field of viral vaccine development. With our extensive experience and advanced platform, we are therefore confident in offering the best vaccine development services for different types of diseases caused by virus from Hepadnaviridae family, including hepatitis A Virus, hepatitis B Virus, hepatitis C Virus, hepatitis D Virus and hepatitis E Virus. We guarantee the finest results for our customers all over the world.
Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses that infect not only humans but also apes and birds. There are currently seven species in this family, of which the best-known member is the Hepatitis B virus. A number of diseases are associated with this family, including liver infections, such as hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas (chronic infections), and cirrhosis.
Fig.1 Hepatitis Viruses.
Hepatitis A Virus Vaccines
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is endemic in all parts of the world, but the exact incidence is difficult to estimate because of the high proportion of asymptomatic and anicteric infections, differences in surveillance and differing patterns of disease. The degree of under-reporting is known to be very high. Serological surveys have shown that infection with hepatitis A virus is almost universal and, in developing countries, 80–90% of children have serological markers of past infection by the age of 5. In industrialized countries, improvements in sanitation have decreased the prevalence of antibodies in young adults to 5–20%.
Hepatitis B Virus Vaccines
The discovery of B hepatitis Virus (HBV), has led to rapid and unabated progress in the understanding of this complex infection. Hepatitis B remains a globally important disease. In high-prevalence areas, 48% of the population seropositive for HBsAg are recognized. Several epidemioloviagical studies indicate that the reported rates of hepatitis B infection have declined in western and northern Europe and the USA. Infection rates in children have declined in high prevalence areas where the universal immunization of infants has been introduced.
Hepatitis C Virus Vaccines
Infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) occurs throughout the world, with a current estimate of 170 million infected people. Much of the seroprevalence data are based on blood donors, who represent a carefully selected population in many countries. The prevalence of antibodies to HCV in blood donors varies in different countries. Hepatitis C accounted for the vast majority of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. However, it is clear that while blood transfusion and the transfusion of blood products are efficient routes of transmission of HCV.
Hepatitis D Virus Vaccines
Delta Hepatitis Virus (HDV) was first recognized following detection of a novel protein, delta antigen (HDAg), in the nuclei of hepatocytes from patients with hepatitis B. HDV is now known to be defective and require a helper function from HBV for its transmission. HDV is coated with HBsAg, which is needed for release from the host hepatocyte and for entry in the next round of infection. The agent is unique among human viruses, having an internal nucleocapsid comprising the genome surrounded by the delta antigen and enveloped by an outer protein coat of HBsAg. The genome consists of a single-stranded, circular RNA of around 1700 nucleotides, the delta antigen being encoded by antigenomic RNA.
Hepatitis E Virus Vaccines
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded, nonenveloped, RNA icosahedral virus. Epidemic hepatitis that resembled but was serologically distinct from hepatitis A. HEV was first transmitted to cynomolgus macaques and subsequently, a number of other species of monkeys and chimpanzees have been infected. The gallbladder bile of infected monkeys was found to be a rich source of virus, enabling the molecular cloning of DNA complementary to the HEV (RNA) genome and elucidation of the entire 7.5 kb sequence.
Creative Biolabs is pleased to share our cutting-edge technology and extensive expertise in the field of viral vaccine development. We can offer high-quality customized services by adjusting protocols to meet even the most specific requirements. If you are interested in our services, please contact us for more details.
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
