AT1R Assay

All products and services are For Research Use Only and CANNOT be used in the treatment or diagnosis of disease.

Non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody specific for angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) of vascular cells activates signaling pathways, leading to cell proliferation and vascular injury, which can be involved in vascular allograft rejection. Creative Biolabs offers a new approach, AT1R assay, for transplant research at a non-HLA level.

AT1R

Expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, AT1R combines with angiotensin II to regulate water-salt balance and blood pressure. It belongs to the rhodopsin group (family A) which is one of G protein-coupled receptors composed of seven transmembrane domains. AT1R antibody is the most widely studied non-HLA antibody. They are known to act directly on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, consequently activating transcription factors associated with inflammatory reactions and damaging the transplanted kidney. The detection of biomarker antibodies against AT1R offers a new approach to transplant diagnostic testing at a non-HLA level.

Non-HLA antibodies directed against endothelial targets. Fig.1 Non-HLA antibodies directed against endothelial targets. (Dragun, 2016)

AT1R in Transplantation Research

Renal transplantation

High levels of anti-AT1R antibody are associated with morphological and functional allograft injury and graft loss in renal transplant patients. This means that non-HLA antibodies can help assess the risk of graft failure.

Kidney transplantation

AT1R antibodies may identify kidney transplant recipients at high risk of allograft rejection and loss, independent of the HLA system. Recognition of complement-independent AT1R antibody-mediated vascular rejection could lead to the development of new treatment strategies to improve allograft survival.

Heart transplantation

Heart transplantation recipients with diagnosed cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) possess a high frequency for positive detection of AT1R antibodies. Additionally, non-HLA antibodies are linked to the earlier incidence of CAV after heart transplantation. The screening of non-HLA antibodies after heart transplantation is recommended to identify patients with an increased risk for CAV.

Workflow

Fig.2 The workflow of AT1R assay.

Creative Biolabs offers AT1R assay for the convenience of our clients. As a world-famous antibody provider, we also provide high-quality AT1R antibody development services. For more information, please feel free to contact us directly.

References

Banasik, M.; et al. Non-HLA antibodies: angiotensin II type 1 receptor (anti-AT1R) and endothelin-1 type A receptor (anti-ETAR) are associated with renal allograft injury and graft loss. Transplant Proc. 2014, 46(8): 2618-21.
Lefaucheur, C.; et al. Non-HLA agonistic anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies induce a distinctive phenotype of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney Int. 2019, 96(1): 189-201.
Barten, M.J.; et al. Occurrence of non-HLA antibodies against MICA, AT1R and ETAR after heart transplantation is associated with cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Transplantation. 2012, 94(10): 52.
Dragun, D.; et al. Non-HLA antibodies against endothelial targets bridging allo- and autoimmunity. Kidney Int. 2016, 90(2): 280-288.

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