Vaccines for Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

The main precaution against IPNV is vaccination, but currently available vaccines have certain drawbacks. Creative Biolabs has been committed to vaccine development for many years and has extensive experience in vaccine design and antigen screening. As a service provider, our goal is to provide the highest level of service with confidentiality and customer support.

Vaccines for Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus– Creative Biolabs

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) belonging to the Birnaviridae family and Aquabirnavirus genus, is the causative agent of infectious pancreatic necrosis, which results in high mortality in cultured salmon fish. IPNV has a double-stranded RNA (fragment A and B) genome, and fragment A encodes two major structural proteins of the virus, VP2 and VP3. The VP2 protein is a host protective antigen that induces the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies and protects susceptible fish from IPNV infection. Although IPNV is not one of the disease factors listed by the World Organization for Animal Health, it is a problem for freshwater aquaculture due to its worldwide dispersion and significant economic losses.

Vaccines for Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

To reduce the incidence of the outbreak, in addition to strengthening management measures, the most effective way is to find the most protective, safe and cost-effective vaccine that can reduce mortality and persistent infection. Vaccines against IPNV typically use the most immunogenic protein VP2 to produce neutralizing antibodies in rainbow trout to stimulate an immune response.


Formalin and B-propiolactone (BPL) are the most commonly used inactivators in the production of viral vaccines. The latter has the advantage of being hydrolyzed into non-cytotoxic products, while formalin requires neutralization or dialysis to eliminate toxicity. Viruses inactivated with formalin can produce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in salmon and provide effective protection against rainbow trout.


IPNV causes a humoral immune response and activates non-specific cytotoxic cells for the first time in rainbow trout, rapidly increasing both humoral immunity and cellular immune responses. IPNV replicative intermediaries (provirus) stimulate the immune response in a similar manner in terms of kinetics and magnitude and thus can be used as a new model to generate attenuated vaccines.


Baculovirus can simultaneously express multiple genes and has a post-translational modification. To develop an IPNV subunit vaccine, all structural protein genes of IPNV can be expressed using the baculovirus polyhedrin and p10 protein promoters, respectively. The structural proteins produced can assemble themselves into virus-like particles (VLPs) with all conformational epitopes of IPNV, which in theory can mimic a virus that may "infect" target cells without replicating in the host. Thus, this type of subunit vaccine can be administered by bath rather than other inactivated viral antigens. Subunit vaccines consisting of IPNV-VLPs can be efficiently produced and used to control IPN outbreaks.


DNA vaccines are plasmid DNAs encoding an open reading frame (ORF) of all or part of a viral fragment that can be expressed in cells of an inoculated host. The use of antigen-encoding plasmid DNA vaccines can elicit very strong and long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses, resembling those induced by natural infection with intracellular pathogens. Oral delivery of DNA vaccines encoding VP2 has been shown to have a lower level of viral infection and a high degree of protection against salmon mortality. Intramuscular injection of a DNA vaccine encoding VP2 results in a high level of protection, while rainbow trout has a high circulating antibody level and a reduced viral replication rate.

Creative Biolabs sums up the experience of the predecessors and puts forward some innovative ideas in order to develop a long-term efficacy and no toxic side effects of the IPNV vaccine.


All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.


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All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.

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