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Overview
Nephroblastoma, also called Wilms tumor or Wilms’ tumor, was first described by German surgeon Max Wilms in 1899. Most nephroblastomas affect only one kidney but in 5-10% of cases, both kidneys are involved meantime or one after the other. It is the most common childhood kidney cancer but rarely found in adults. Approximately, 90% of kidney cancers and 6-7% of all childhood cancers in children are nephroblastoma. In the US, approximately 450-500 cases are diagnosed each year. Higher prevalence of nephroblastoma has been reported in blacks relative to whites and Asians. And nephroblastoma is more common in females than males. It is possibly caused by alterations of genes which are responsible for the development of genitourinary, such as WT1 gene.
Signs, symptoms and treatments
In the early stage, there are no apparent signs and symptoms of nephroblastoma, therefore it is hard to find it early. Once noticed, the tumor may be many times larger than the kidney where it started. Typical signs and symptoms of nephroblastoma include swelling or hard mass in the abdomen, loss of appetite, fever, nausea, constipation, blood in the urine and high blood pressure. Treatment is mainly based on the type and stage of nephroblastoma. Surgery is firstly used in most cases, and followed with chemotherapy and possibly radiation therapy. At present, the survival rates of children with nephroblastoma are about 80-90% with combination therapy.
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