Our high-sensitivity ELISA kits enable precise quantification of S100A12 across human, mouse, and rat models. For systems-level analysis, integrate S100A12 into multiplex panels alongside cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase proteins.
Are you currently facing challenges in identifying reliable biomarkers for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, or struggling with the development of effective therapeutics? Our S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) analysis services help you overcome these hurdles and advance your drug discovery process by providing comprehensive and precise analysis of the S100A12 protein.
Introduction of S100A12
S100A12, a member of the S100 protein family, is an endogenous protein mediator of inflammation. As a DAMP molecule, it is released during inflammatory events and serves as a key signal to the innate immune system. It's well-documented interaction with the AGER receptor initiates a pro-inflammatory cascade. This protein is widely recognized in scientific literature as a significant biomarker for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and its role as a potential therapeutic target is a subject of ongoing research.
Fig.1 S100 isoforms interact with a range of cell surface receptors.1
Related Pathways
01RAGE-Mediated Inflammatory Cascade
S100A12 functions as a high-affinity ligand for RAGE, initiating a pro-inflammatory signaling network via MAPK, JAK-STAT, and NF-κB pathways. This process drives robust production of cytokines and chemokines, while collaborating with advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) to exacerbate oxidative stress through Nox1/Rac1-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These mechanisms collectively amplify chronic inflammation in conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.
02TLR4-Driven Innate Immune Responses
By engaging TLR4 on macrophages and dendritic cells, S100A12 activates the MyD88/TRIF signaling hub, triggering type I interferon secretion and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. This leads to potent release of IL-1β and IL-18, alongside neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, which exacerbates tissue injury in sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other autoimmune diseases.
03PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 Axis in Metabolic Disorders
S100A12 disrupts metabolic balance by activating PI3K/AKT via RAGE, promoting cell survival through Bcl-2 upregulation and shifting energy metabolism toward glycolysis. This pathway synergizes with insulin resistance, contributing to hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Elevated S100A12 levels correlate with disease severity, making it a biomarker for metabolic dysfunction.
04Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis via ROS
Through Nox1/Rac1 activation, S100A12 induces mitochondrial ROS overproduction, overwhelming antioxidant systems (e.g., Nrf2/ARE pathway suppression) and activating pro-fibrotic signaling. This dual role drives tissue remodeling in atherosclerosis, where it destabilizes plaques, and in chronic kidney disease, where it accelerates renal fibrosis.
05Autophagy, Epigenetics, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
S100A12 impairs autophagic flux by disrupting LC3-II/p62 dynamics, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Epigenetically, it alters histone acetylation and DNA methylation patterns, reprogramming inflammatory gene expression. These non-canonical pathways contribute to cardiomyopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, and age-related degenerative diseases.
06S100 Protein Interactions: Synergy and Antagonism
S100A12 exhibits context-dependent interactions with other S100 family members. It synergizes with S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) to amplify RAGE/NF-κB signaling in inflammatory bowel disease, while S100B may counteract its pro-inflammatory effects in neuroinflammation. These dynamic interactions highlight S100A12's role as a modulator of immune responses and tissue repair.
S100A12 Detection Services
Quantitative ELISA & Multiplex Assays
Protein Expression & Localization
Investigate S100A12 dynamics in tissue contexts using western blot or immunohistochemistry (IHC). Multiplex IHC supports co-staining with immune markers or fibrosis indicators.
Functional Analysis
Uncover cell-type-specific S100A12 regulation via flow cytometry, with protocols optimized for intracellular staining in monocytes, T cells, and endothelial progenitors.
FAQs
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What types of S100A12 analysis do you provide?
We offer a range of services, including S100A12 quantification using advanced ELISA and Mass Spectrometry, expression analysis in various cell lines, and functional characterization to study its interactions with receptors and other proteins.
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How does your S100A12 analysis differ from a standard ELISA kit?
While ELISA kits provide basic quantification, our service goes beyond that. We use validated antibodies and optimized protocols to ensure high sensitivity and specificity. More importantly, we offer advanced functional assays and data interpretation services that can provide deeper biological insights than a simple quantification result.
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How should I handle my samples before sending them to you?
To ensure the integrity of your samples, we recommend freezing them immediately after collection and shipping on dry ice. Our detailed Sample Submission Guidelines are available on our website to ensure a smooth process. You can also contact our team for specific instructions based on your sample type.
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What precautions should I take when working with S100A12?
S100A12 can be a sticky protein that aggregates in the absence of calcium. We recommend using a buffer containing calcium or other divalent cations to maintain protein stability.
At Creative Biolabs, our S100A12 analysis services provide a powerful solution for researchers and biopharmaceutical companies seeking to advance their understanding of inflammation and develop new therapeutics. We combine extensive scientific expertise with state-of-the-art technology to deliver accurate, reliable, and actionable data. Our comprehensive workflow, coupled with our commitment to quality and customer service, makes us the ideal partner for your next project. Contact us now!
Reference
- Singh, Parul, and Syed Azmal Ali. "Multifunctional role of S100 protein family in the immune system: an update." Cells 11.15 (2022): 2274. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11152274
For Research Use Only.
