Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs), used for detection of TB.
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Introduction
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections progress to active disease which, if left untreated, kills about half of those infected. Diagnostic tests for tuberculosis infections are used worldwide to detect individuals with active disease and prevent the spread of TB. Currently, there are two types of tests that can screen individuals who may have active tuberculosis. These tests are the tuberculin skin test (TST) and two different assays that measure gamma interferon (IFN-γ) from the patient's lymphocytes after exposure to specific TB antigens.