Vaccines for Orientia tsutsugamushi
Multiple occurrences of the scrub typhus require appropriate antibiotic treatment and effective prophylaxis, emphasizing the need for the development of a vaccine that will protect individuals from disease caused by infection with one of the many disparate strains of O. tsutsugamushi. Creative Biolabs is developing a standardized, inexpensive, harmless, and effective rickettsial vaccine through molecular biology techniques and strives to meet all the needs of customers.
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that is the etiological agent of scrub typhus, an endemic tsutsugamushi disease that is widespread in vast regions of Asia and insular territories of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. By transovarial and transstadial transmission, the bacterium is maintained in nature in Trombiculid mites. Humans and vertebrates get infections from the bite of the infected larval stage of trombiculid mite. Clinical manifestations appear to be associated with strains type and vary greatly, presenting extremely mild to frequently fatal diseases in humans and laboratory animals. It is estimated that about one billion people are at risk every year because of the disease, making the disease a major public health problem worldwide.
Vaccines for Orientia tsutsugamushi
- Traditional Vaccines
- Novel Vaccines
Despite the wide range of preventative approaches that have been attempted in the past 70 years, all have failed to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine. Early vaccine research mainly used inactivated bacterial antigens or live Orientia challenge followed by antibiotic treatment. The protective immunity of these traditional vaccines against the homologous strain lasted only a few years, and heterologous protection generally disappeared within a few months in humans. Most of the vaccine trials resulted in short-term protection, immunity to only the homologous strain, or no significant outcomes, especially in human infections. Due to the lack of long-term heterologous protection and the difficulties in producing, storing and standardizing the vaccine candidates, the focus of the typhus vaccine has shifted to the development of subunit vaccines.
The major outer membrane protein 56 kDa type-specific antigen (TSA56) is involved in bacterial adhesion and invasion of the host cells. The TSA56 protein is an immunodominant antigen and has long been considered as a vaccine target, but remarkable genetic heterogeneity among strains of O. tsutsugamushi limits cross-protective immunity against heterologous strains. Selecting conserved antigens among different strains of O. tsutsugamushi is one of the critical issues in generating a clinically effective vaccine that produces cross-protective immunity against scrub typhus. The surface cell antigen A (ScaA) and outer membrane protein A (OmpA) also contribute to the virulence of pathogens, especially their abilities to adhere and invade host cells. Immunization of ScaA proteins provides protective immunity in mice when challenged with the homologous strain and significantly enhanced protective immunity against infection with heterologous strains. The nucleotide and translated amino acid sequences of them are highly conserved among O. tsutsugamushi strains, which evidences its potential to serve as a molecular diagnostic target and justifies its consideration as a candidate for developing a broadly-protective scrub typhus vaccine.
Our Services for Orientia tsutsugamushi Vaccines
- Sequence analysis and alignment
- Cloning and expression of recombinant antigens
- Immunological test
- Cellular adhesion and invasion assays
- Statistical analysis
The Features of Our Vaccines
- Ability to produce cross protection
- Easy to purify and mass produce
- A very low side reaction
- Production of high and low antibodies with high protection
With the help of our well-established technology and experienced scientists, Creative Biolabs strictly controls every detail of the vaccine development process to provide the best quality service at every stage. If you need professional, reliable and quality services, please entrust our professional team to provide the best workflow choice for your research goals.
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
