Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Vaccine
Creative Biolabs is a world leader in the field of vaccine development and can offer high-quality viral vaccines for use in prevention of viral infections. By consistently delivering the highest standards of quality, professionalism, and integrity, we want to become the partner of a choice for your requirements. Caprine arthritis encephalitis is a multisystem viral disease of goats caused by a type-C retrovirus that is related to the visna virus of sheep. With our extensive experience and advanced platform, we are therefore confident in offering the best vaccine development services against caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belonging to the genus Lentivirus in the family Retroviridae that mainly infects monocytes and dendritic cells in goats. CAEV encodes three structural genes, gag (group-specific antigen), pol (polymerase), and env (envelope), respectively. It is closely related to the other SRLVs that cause ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) and maedi-visna. CAEV is the causative agent of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE), which is characterized by progressive degenerative inflammatory lesions in multiple regions. This virus is typically transmitted by direct contact, specifically through ingestion of virus-infected colostrum and horizontal transmission through respiratory exudates. CAEV is associated with slow and persistent inflammatory diseases such as encephalitis, pneumonitis, arthritis, and mastitis.
Peptide-based Vaccines
The vaccine was comprised of a short peptide, containing a T helper- and a B-cell epitope, located in the gag protein of the CAEV. This T-cell epitope is capable of inducing a robust T-cell proliferative response in vaccinated goats with different genetic backgrounds and to provide help for a strong antibody response to the B-cell epitope, indicating that it may function as a universal antigen-carrier for goat vaccines. The primary immune response of goats homozygous for MHC class I and II genes showed an MHC-dependent partitioning in rapid-high and slow-low responses, whereas the memory immune response was strong in both groups, demonstrating that a vaccine based on this immunodominant T helper epitope is capable to overcome genetic differences.
DVA Vaccines
The macrophage-tropic lentivirus CAEV is typically used to design a lentiviral vaccination strategy, specifically cytokine modulation of Th lymphocyte priming initiated by immunization with plasmid DNA encoding CAEV envelope proteins. The plan is based on well-documented studies demonstrating that cross-regulatory cytokines specify the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte subsets at the time of antigen presentation. Therefore, the efficacy of prime-boost vaccination for immune control of CAEV was evaluated, a macrophage-tropic lentivirus that causes progressive arthritis in the natural host. Vaccination of Saanen goats with pUC-based plasmid DNA expressing CAEV env induces T helper type 1 (Th1) biased immune responses to vector-encoded surface envelope (SU), and the plasmid-primed Th1 response is expanded following boost with purified SU in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (SU-FIA). Four goats vaccinated with env expression plasmids and boosted with SU-FIA were challenged intravenously after SU-FIA boost and evaluated by immunological, virological, and disease criteria. The results demonstrated that a prime-boost protocol using a plasmid expressing the env gene of CAEV followed by booster immunizations with affinity purified Env protein showed no sterilizing immunity but mediated a long-lasting control of the challenge virus.
Creative Biolabs is a highly proactive, robust, and diversified company with a strong, scientifically-proven background of viral vaccine development. We have experts who are able to help you with the vaccine development against caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. Our scientists are confident in offering the best services and products upon request!
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
