Design of Newcastle Disease Virus Based Vaccines for Cancer

Lentiviral vector - Creative BiolabsThe modular nature of gene transcription, the undetectable rate of recombination, and the lack of a DNA phase in the replication cycle make NDV a suitable candidate for the rational design of a safe and stable vaccine and gene therapy vector. Creative Biolabs is a world leader in the field of cancer vaccine development. With our extensive experience and advanced platform, we are therefore confident in offering the best development services for Newcastle disease virus-based vaccines. We guarantee the finest results for our customers all over the world.

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)

Newcastle disease virus is a type strain for avian paramyxoviruses. Members of this family have a single stranded, linear, RNA, with an elliptical symmetry. The total genome is roughly 16,000 nucleotides. Replication of the virus takes place in the cytoplasm of the host cell. NDV has been demonstrated to possess significant oncolytic activity against mammalian cancers.

The Advantages of NDV

First of all, NDV is an avian pathogen, which avoids the problem of preexisting immunity and pathogenicity of the virus in humans, which are potential problems with vaccinia, HSV-1, adenovirus, and measles vectors. Serologic studies indicated that approximately 96% of the human population is seronegative for NDV, which avoids the problem of pre-existing immunity seen with many human candidate oncolytic viruses. The actual seropositivity in the modern-day population may be even lower due to low human exposure to NDV, the outbreaks of which are primarily limited to farm settings.

Secondly, similarly to all oncolytic viruses, NDV possesses strong immunostimulatory properties through induction of type I IFN and chemokines, upregulation of MHC and cell adhesion molecules, and facilitation of adhesion of lymphocytes and APC’s through expression of viral glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells. These properties have been shown to generate effective anti-tumor immune responses, which may persist long after clearance of viral infection.

Third, the NDV genome allows for incorporation and stable expression of foreign genes of relatively large size. As these viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the cell, unintended integration of the foreign gene into the host genome is avoided, which could be a problem with some of the DNA oncolytic vectors. Moreover, low to nonexistent rates of homologous RNA recombination ensure that the foreign genes expressed from viral genome are stable for many serial passages in cell culture.

Lastly, the ubiquitous nature of the NDV receptor allows for utilization of the virus against a wide variety of cancers. The specificity of the virus for cancer cells due to their defects in antiviral and apoptotic pathways ensures viral safety and may obviate the need for specific tumor targeting.

Newcastle Disease Virus Based Vaccines for Cancer

The paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been more thoroughly explored as a cancer vaccine. NDV has been used in the clinic directly as a vaccine and also as an oncolysate vaccine, where tumor cells are infected with NDV and then introduced back into the patient as an autologous tumor cell vaccine. PV701, an oncolytic strain of NDV, has been used in phase I/II clinical trials with no signs of serious side effects.

Creative Biolabs is a leader in the field of vaccine development and has focused on the cancer vaccines for years. We have experienced experts and advanced platforms that are able to provide excellent services. With our years of research experience in the field of viral vaccines, we can provide clients with a variety of oncolytic virus vaccine development, including poxvirus vaccine, HSV-1 vaccine, adenovirus vaccine and measles vectors vaccine. If you are interested in our services, please contact us for more details.

Reference

  1. Zamarin, D. (2012). “Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus for cancer therapy: old challenges and new directions.” Future Microbiol 7(3), 347-367.

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