Bacterial polysaccharides are important virulence factors in many bacteria isolated from infected persons. Creative Biolabs offers a comprehensive set of anti-glycan antibody services for our honor clients. Empowered by our advanced analytical platforms and experienced technical personnel, the analytical division at Creative Biolabs is fully competent and dedicated to offering anti-bacterial polysaccharide antibody for multiple applications.
The surface of many bacterial species is covered by polysaccharides. These can be in the form of capsules, glycoproteins or glycolipids. Carbohydrates in the form of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the major components on the surface of bacteria. General structures of bacterial polysaccharide are shown in Fig.1. Capsules are homopolymeric or heteropolymeric carbohydrate chains inserted into the membrane and LPS is made of three components: lipid A, core-oligosaccharide and O-polysaccharide or O-antigen. Teichoic acids are differentiated into wall teichoic acids (WTA) and lipoteichoic acids (LTA).
Fig.1 General structures of bacterial surface polysaccharides. (Micoli, 2018)
Bacteria do have other distinct uses for carbohydrate polymers; in gram-negative bacteria glycolipids from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane and in many pathogens (both gram-positive and gram-negative) sugar polymers are used to build a capsule or are secreted into the environment. CPS plays a role in defending bacteria from phagocytosis that is a part of the host’s innate immune response. CPS prevents activation of the phagocytic process by decreasing the binding of opsonins, and by masking ligands for phagocytic cell attachment. Multiple functions such as offering a physical barrier to antibiotics, preventing antibody opsonization are shown in Fig.2.
Fig.2 Schematic representation of various functions of bacterial CPS. (Sachdeva, 2017)
LPS is the major component of the outer membrane which plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions with the innate immune system. Alterations in the LPS molecule during chronic infection are thought to contribute to adhesion, host colonization, immune defenses evasion and adaptation to the infection niche. The immune response against the bacterial polysaccharide confers protection against the disease. Most of the bacterial polysaccharide are T-lymphocyte independent antigens. Anti-polysaccharide immune response is characterized by lack of T-lymphocyte memory, isotype restriction, and delayed ontogeny.
Fig.3 Schematic representation of LPS. (Erridge, 2002)
Bacterial polysaccharides are now becoming the research focus on disease diagnosis and treatment. Creative Biolabs is equipped with state-of-the-art research and manufacturing facilities and dedicated to help our clients design and prepare highly customized antibodies against a specific bacterial polysaccharide. With a novel technology platform and professional experiment services, Creative Biolabs gets ready to provide you with the best antibody services. Please feel free to contact us for more details.
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