Identification of Glycoprotein Biomarkers in Autoimmune Disease

Autoimmune disease is a kind of immune system dysfunction which involves many organs, cells, and autoantibodies. Many autoantibodies, most of which are glycoproteins, can act as biomarkers for diagnosis of certain autoimmune disease. Based on advanced technology platforms and professional teams, Creative Biolabs has developed effective strategies to provide a series of high-quality services on glycoprotein biomarkers research in autoimmune disease.

What is Autoimmune Disease?

Autoimmune diseases, common with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, etc, are chronic inflammatory disorders arising from abnormalities of the immune system that may compromise the function of several organs, such as kidney, heart, joints, brain, and skin. Treatment of autoimmune diseases has been one of the greatest challenges because of their drugs resistance. Recently, glycoprotein biomarkers studies in cancer, in HIV and other diseases have provided guidance and shed light on glycoprotein biomarkers researches in autoimmune diseases as well as its resistance and therapies. A variety of researches on discovering new biomarkers including glycoproteins in autoimmune diseases have been conducted.

P-Glycoprotein as a Biomarker of Autoimmune Disease

P-glycoprotein is a transmembrane protein of the cell membrane that pumps many foreign substances out of cells, which of course may pump some treatment drugs of autoimmune diseases out of the cell. Overexpression and high mRNA levels of P-glycoprotein can be observed in synovium and peripheral lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with agents for a long term. The significant correlation between P-glycoprotein function, autoimmune disease and the resistance to immunosuppressive therapy, as well as drug resistance attenuated by P-glycoprotein inhibition, have been demonstrated and confirmed by recent researches. Scientific data suggest that the measurement of P-glycoprotein expression could be a potential biomarker to evaluate drug resistance in autoimmune diseases.

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the relevance of P-glycoprotein to drug resistance in rheumatoid arthritis (Tsujimura, 2015).

Other Glycoprotein Biomarkers in Autoimmune Disease

Besides P-glycoprotein, there are several other glycoprotein biomarkers have been identified by various biological analysis technologies. Here, we list several biomarkers as follows:

• A chitinase-like glycoprotein named YKL-40 is produced by joint tissues and associated with inflammation and tissue remodeling, which is identified as a candidate auto-antigen and useful biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis.
• DKK-1, a secreted glycoprotein of Wnt signaling, is considered to be a better positive biomarker for the detection of systemic lupus erythematosus and active lupus nephritis.
• Levels of the leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein may serve as a novel serum biomarker for monitoring disease activity during therapy in autoimmune patients.
• For rheumatoid arthritis, biomarkers also include aggrecan fragments, C-propeptide of type II collagen and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, MMP-3 and MMP-1/inhibitor complexes and thioredoxin, IL-16 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.

With rich experience on glycoprotein biomarkers, Creative Biolabs is able to offer the first-rate service on glycoprotein biomarkers identification in autoimmune disease. If you are interested in the identification of glycoprotein biomarkers in autoimmune disease, please just feel free to contact us for more detailed information.

Reference

1. Tsujimura, S.; and Tanaka, Y. Disease control by regulation of P-glycoprotein on lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. World Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2015, 5(4): 225-231.

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