Creative Biolabs is one of the most reliable industry leaders professional in developing animal models of human diseases. We provide antigen-induced DTH rodent models that are effective tools to test in vivo efficacy of drug candidates for anti-inflammatory activity.
What is delayed type hypersensitivity?
Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), also called Type IV hypersensitivity, is an inflammatory reaction mediated by antigen-specific effector T-lymphocytes. The inflammatory reaction is characterized by local skin swelling, erythema, induration, and cellular infiltration. DTH can be actively induced by immunization with antigens, typically including bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and ovalbumin (OVA). Either, adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T lymphocytes could also be used to elicit DTH response. It is a convenient model to determine the in vivo efficacy of drug candidates.
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Fig.1 Histopathological analysis of mBSA rechallenged footpad.
(Jackson et al. 2014)
Two separate phases of a DTH response
Development of a DTH response requires two separate phases: the initial sensitizing phase and the elicitation phase. The initial sensitizing phase occurs when animals are exposed to a specific antigen. The latter phase is typically initiated 5-12 days after sensitization, whereby the previously sensitized mice are challenged by either subcutaneous footpad injection or intradermal ear injection.
During the first phrase, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) migrate to the draining lymph nodes and activate T-lymphocytes, with consequent production of memory T-lymphocytes. During the elicitation phase, APCs are presented to memory T-lymphocytes leading to the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
In some degree, the above processes will lead to an increased vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules and increased blood vessel permeability. Furthermore, circulating blood cells and accessory cells (e.g. neutrophils, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes) are allowed to enter the site, resulting in visible swelling which is best evaluated 24-48h post-challenge. The recruited macrophages are also able to present antigen and consequently amplify the response.
Creative Biolabs is capable of customizing rodent DTH models immunized with different types of antigens or hapten molecules and provide comprehensive assessments which including but not limited to:
Meanwhile, in order to meet our customers' specific requirements and their various research objectives, Creative Biolabs also offers other rodent inflammatory & immunological disease models listed as follows that you may be interested in:
Besides providing high-quality rodent models, Creative Biolabs helps design, validate, conduct and analyze animal efficacy studies for your drug candidates. We are willing to partner with our clients to boost the impact of their brilliant studies. Contact us or send us an inquiry for more information or a formal quote.
Reference
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